NITROGEN MUSTARDS
FACT SHEET
What are nitrogen mustards?
Nitrogen mustards are blister agents that were initially produced as potential chemical warfare weapons. These blister agents’ come in different forms, such as an oily-textured liquid, a vapor or a solid. They can smell fishy, musty, soapy or fruity. The mustards can be clear, pale amber, or yellow colored in liquid or solid form.
How can you be exposed to nitrogen mustards?
When nitrogen mustards are released into the air as a vapor, a person can be exposed through skin contact, eye contact or inhalation. If nitrogen mustards are released into the water, touching or drinking the contaminated water can expose you. Because nitrogen mustards vapor is heavier than air, it will settle in low-lying areas.
How soon does an exposed person show symptoms?
Symptoms may not occur for several hours, depending on how severe the exposure of the blister agents.
What are the symptoms?
The skin usually develops redness within several hours followed by blistering within 6-12 hours. The eyes can develop irritation, pain, swelling and tearing may occur. Severe exposure to the eyes can cause burns and blindness. If inhaled, you can experience nose and sinus pain, cough, sore throat, and shortness of breath. If ingested, you can experience stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Extreme exposure to the blister agents can possibly cause tremors, lack of coordination and seizures.
What should I do if I think I have been exposed to nitrogen mustards?
If you are near a release of nitrogen mustards, your local authorities may tell you to either evacuate the area or "shelter in place" inside a building to avoid being exposed. If you think you have been exposed, move quickly to an area where fresh air is available. Remove your clothing and quickly wash your entire body with soap and water. If your eyes are burning or your vision is blurred, rinse them with plain water for 10 to 15 minutes. If you wear contacts, remove them before rinsing your eyes. Place your contaminated clothes and contacts into a plastic bag and seal. Place the bag into a second plastic bag and seal. Call 911 for medical attention right away and removal of the contaminated items. Do not drive yourself to the hospital as you may become very ill on your way.
Where can I get more information on nitrogen mustard?
Regional Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222)
Source of information:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)